Male Fertility
DNA Fragmentation Testing
A normal semen analysis does not rule out sperm DNA damage. The DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) reveals a critical dimension of sperm health that standard testing misses — and that can determine fertility outcomes.
The Invisible Factor
When Standard Testing Is Not Enough
Up to 25% of men with normal semen parameters have elevated sperm DNA fragmentation — yet this is almost never tested in standard fertility investigations. High DNA fragmentation is linked to fertilisation failure, poor embryo quality, recurrent miscarriage and repeated IVF cycle failure.
The good news: DNA fragmentation is largely reversible. Identifying the cause — whether oxidative stress, infection, lifestyle or nutritional deficit — allows us to design a targeted intervention before treatment or assisted conception.
25%
of men with normal semen analysis have elevated DFI
3×
increased miscarriage risk with high DNA fragmentation
90 days
typical sperm cycle — enough time to meaningfully reduce DFI
Frequently Asked Questions
What is DNA fragmentation?
DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or damage in the genetic material carried within sperm. High levels of DNA fragmentation impair the sperm's ability to fertilise an egg and support healthy embryo development, even when standard semen parameters (count, motility, morphology) appear normal.
Who should consider DNA fragmentation testing?
It is especially relevant for couples experiencing recurrent miscarriage, recurrent IVF or IUI failure, unexplained infertility, or where the female partner has had normal investigations. It should also be considered in older men or those with high oxidative stress markers.
What causes high DNA fragmentation?
Key causes include oxidative stress, elevated scrotal temperature, infection, varicocele, smoking, alcohol, environmental toxin exposure, advanced paternal age and nutritional deficiencies — all of which are addressable through a personalised optimisation programme.
How is it measured?
The DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) is measured via flow cytometry-based testing (SCSA — Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) or similar methods. A DFI below 15% is considered normal; above 25–30% is associated with significantly impaired fertility.
Can DNA fragmentation be improved?
Yes. Targeted antioxidant therapy, nutritional optimisation, lifestyle modification, heat reduction strategies, treatment of underlying infection, and — where appropriate — varicocele repair can all reduce DNA fragmentation and improve fertility outcomes.
Advanced Semen Cultures
DNA fragmentation testing pairs with advanced semen culture analysis to give a complete picture of male reproductive health beyond the standard semen analysis.
Request DNA Fragmentation Testing
Our clinical team will guide you through the testing process and design a personalised optimisation protocol based on your results.